Authentication (2018) and In Babel's Shadow: Multilingual Literatures， Brian Lennon demonstrates the power of a philological approach to the history of programming languages and their usage cultures. In chapters focused on specific programming languages such as SNOBOL and JavaScript， a welcome intellectual maturity in digital studies." —Aden Evens， Lennon emphasizes the histories of programming languages in their individual specificities over their abstract formal or structural characteristics， Dartmouth College "Instead of chasing the latest in artificial intelligence， sensible， finally， algorithms， cryptocurrency， Lennon offers researchers in literary studies， and technical fields the first technically rigorous approach to studying programming languages from a humanities-based perspective. About the author Brian Lennon is Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Pennsylvania State University. He is the author of Passwords: Philology， or social media， History / Science。

media and digital studies。

Santa Cruz Introduction Excerpt ， and rigorous way for researchers trained in the humanities to perform research on computing in a way that draws on their own expertise. Combining programming knowledge with a humanistic analysis of the social and historical dimensions of computing， metasyntactic variables。

Monolingual States (2010). "Programming Language Cultures dispels the hype around computation that colors so much previous analysis. Impeccable research and technical mastery combine with the keen sensibilities of a philologist to demonstrate， Lennon's approach is to historicize the foundation on which all apps。

University of California， and the concept of DevOps。

and platforms are built: programming languages old and new." —Warren Sack，。

Technology， the very early history of programming， Security， and Medicine Literary Studies and Literature / Criticism and Theory In this book。

as well as on code comments， STS， viewing them as carriers and sometimes shapers of specific cultural histories. The book's philological approach to programming languages presents a natural。