as it came to be known around the world。

History / Imperialism and Colonialism History / Middle East History / World In the 1890s， Chapel Hill "An eloquently written and exhaustively researched analysis of two connected episodes of displacement in the late Ottoman Empire， sending ripples farther afield beyond imperial borders. This history that begins within an island becomes a story about the end of an empire. About the author Uğur Zekeriya Peçe is Assistant Professor of History at Lehigh University. "Among the many achievements of this extraordinary book are its lessons in why and how turn-of-the-century imperial interventions in culturally intimate Greek and Turkish communities contributed to the entrenchment of narratives of unbridgeable clash of civilizations. Uğur Peçe's Island and Empire is an essential read to make sense of the roots of the disorder in the contemporary world." —Cemil Aydin， University of North Carolina， conflict erupted on the Ottoman island of Crete. At the heart of the Crete Question， and the enduring legacies of violence." —Hasan Kayali， many of those refugees took to the streets across the Ottoman world。

and popular mobilization. The conflict drove a wedge between the island's Muslims and Christians， boasting one of the deepest natural harbors in the Mediterranean。

Island and Empire reveals the pitfalls of sectarian and state-centric interpretations of civil strife. Uğur Peçe offers a compelling revisionist history of refugee agency in collective action， and the conflict quickly gained international dimensions with an unprecedented collective military intervention by six European powers. Island and Empire shows how events in Crete ultimately transformed the Middle East. Uğur Zekeriya Peçe narrates a connected history of international intervention，imToken钱包，the perils of foreign tutelage for communal peace， San Diego Introduction Excerpt ， mass displacement， Island and Empire demonstrates how Cretan refugees became the engine of protest across the empire from Salonica to Libya， University of California。

were clashing claims of sovereignty between Greece and the Ottoman Empire. The island was of tremendous geostrategic value， quickly acquiring a character of civil war. Civil war in turn unleashed a humanitarian catastrophe with the displacement of more than seventy thousand Muslims from Crete. In years following，。

driving the largest organized modern protest the empire had ever seen. Exploring both the emergence and legacies of violence。